{"id":4041,"date":"2021-08-09T13:36:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-09T13:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/galahukuk.com\/yayinlar\/?p=4041"},"modified":"2021-08-09T13:36:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T13:36:33","slug":"taksitli-satis-sozlesmeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/galahukuk.com\/yayinlar\/taksitli-satis-sozlesmeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Taksitli Sat\u0131\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. GENEL OLARAK<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Taksitli sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK) m. 253\u2019te d\u00fczenlenmekte olup sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sat\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin \u00f6denmesinden \u00f6nce teslim etmeyi, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da sat\u0131\u015f bedelini k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendikleri sat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019a (TKHK) g\u00f6reyse sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131n teslimi veya hizmetin ifas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi, t\u00fcketicinin de bedeli k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6dedi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mlamalara benzer olarak da Taksitle Sat\u0131\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelikte de sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131n teslimi veya hizmetin ifas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi, t\u00fcketicinin de bedeli k\u0131s\u0131m\u00a0k\u0131s\u0131m\u00a0\u00f6dedi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zetlemek gerekirse bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taksitli sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcketicinin sat\u0131\u015f bedelini par\u00e7a par\u00e7a vadeler halinde \u00f6demesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

II. TAKS\u0130TLE SATI\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMELER\u0130N\u0130N KAPSAMI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

TBK m. 253\/1 uyar\u0131nca taksitli sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin konusunu yaln\u0131zca ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mallar ya da haklar olu\u015fturabilir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar, sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin vadelere b\u00f6l\u00fcnmek suretiyle k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin TBK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulama alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TBK m. 209\/1 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu (TMK) uyar\u0131nca ta\u015f\u0131nmaz say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve di\u011fer kanunlarda ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r olarak belirtilen \u015feylerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

TKHK m. 3\/1-h h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ise mal ibaresinin, \u201cal\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe konu olan; ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r e\u015fya, konut veya tatil ama\u00e7l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar ile elektronik ortamda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere haz\u0131rlanan yaz\u0131- l\u0131m, ses, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve benzeri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc gayri maddi mallar\u0131\u201d ifade etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. TKHK m. 3\/1-(d) h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ise hizmet, \u201cbir \u00fccret veya menfaat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ya da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 taahh\u00fct edilen mal sa\u011flama d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015fleminin konusu\u201d olarak tarif edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

III. S\u00f6zle\u015fme Bedelinin Birden Fazla Vade ile K\u0131s\u0131m K\u0131s\u0131m \u00d6denmesinin Kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin di\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fini de mal\u0131n teslimi veya hizmetin ifas\u0131 de\u011fil; s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6denmesi te\u015fkil eder. S\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin taksitler halinde \u00f6denmesi, borcun ertelenmesi olmay\u0131p, vadelerin tespiti anlam\u0131na gelir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin taksitler halinde \u00f6demesi, TBK m. 84 anlam\u0131nda k\u0131smi ifa niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maz. Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin s\u00f6z konusu olabilmesi i\u00e7in en az iki taksitin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

IV. T\u00fcketicinin Taksitleri \u00d6demesinden \u00d6nce Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n Mal\u0131 Teslim Etmesi veya Hizmeti \u0130fa Etmesi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda, al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n gelir durumunun yetersizli\u011fi nedeni ile ihtiya\u00e7 duymakta oldu\u011fu mal veya hizmeti pe\u015fin \u00f6deme yaparak elde etmek imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bedelini taksitler halinde daha sonra \u00f6demekle birlikte, mal veya hizmetten hemen faydalanabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.1<\/sup><\/p>\n

TKHK bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ifade edilece\u011fi \u00fczere, durum farkl\u0131 olmakla beraber, s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin taksitler halinde; fakat t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, mal\u0131n teslimin veya hizmetin ifas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00f6dendi\u011fi durumlarda da taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi varl\u0131k kazanmaz2<\/sup> Bu durumda, bir taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden de\u011fil, \u00f6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden bahsetmek gerekir. TBK m. 264\/1 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde de \u00f6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015f, \u201cal\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bir mal\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedelini \u00f6nceden k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6demeyi sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da bedelin tamamen \u00f6denmesinden sonra sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya devretmeyi \u00fcstlendikleri sat\u0131\u015f\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

V. TAKS\u0130TLE SATI\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130N\u0130N KURULMASI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a01.\u00a0<\/strong>Taksitle Sat\u0131\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Ba\u011fl\u0131 Oldu\u011fu \u015eekil<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Genel anlam\u0131yla \u015fekil, iradenin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na ve beyan olarak d\u0131\u015far\u0131 vurulmas\u0131na yarayan arac\u0131 ifade eder. TBK\u2019nin 12. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k olarak ifade edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece herhangi bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. TBK m. 253\/2 ve 4077 say\u0131l\u0131 TKHK m. 6-A\/2 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. TKHK\u2019nin 17\/3. maddesinde de taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kurulmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Taksitle Sat\u0131\u015f Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019te de bu husus d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re \u201cTaksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kurulmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde veya kal\u0131c\u0131 veri saklay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile t\u00fcketiciye verilmesi zorunludur. T\u00fcketicinin daha sonraki tarihlerde talep etmesi halinde \u00fccret talep edilmeksizin bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi t\u00fcketiciye verilir. Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi en az on iki punto b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir dilde, a\u00e7\u0131k, sade ve okunabilir bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcketicilerin, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan evvel bir kez daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk edilmesi, ne gibi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na girdiklerini anlamalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u0131hhatli bilgilere sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n temin edilmesi ve maddi bak\u0131mdan g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz bulunan t\u00fcketicilerin korunmas\u0131 maksad\u0131yla, t\u00fcketici s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131 getirilmektedir3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u015eekle ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k halinde, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7erli olmaz.\u00a0 Di\u011fer yandan TKHK m. 17\/3 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde, ge\u00e7erli bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmam\u0131\u015f olan sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sonradan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fini t\u00fcketicinin aleyhine olacak \u015fekilde ileri s\u00fcremeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015fekle ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131na ba\u011flanan yapt\u0131r\u0131m kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck, kural olarak, taraflar\u0131n icazeti, s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi veya edimlerin ifas\u0131yla hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonradan ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla da sa\u011fl\u0131k kazanamaz, kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz bir i\u015flem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren ge\u00e7ersizdir4<\/sup>.\u00a0 Bu nedenlerle, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015fekle ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanan yapt\u0131r\u0131m, esnek (kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc) ge\u00e7ersizlik yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

2. Yasal Temsilcinin R\u0131zas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

TBK\u2019nin 254. maddesinde \u201cAy\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yasal temsilcinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda r\u0131zan\u0131n, en ge\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu anda verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak TKHK\u2019de yasal temsilcinin r\u0131zas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmemi\u015ftir. TKHK m. 83\u2019te belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, TKHK\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanacak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, yasal temsilcinin r\u0131zas\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00f6z konusu TBK m. 254 h\u00fckm\u00fc, TKHK kapsam\u0131ndaki taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulama alan\u0131 bulur5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Madde metninde say\u0131lan ki\u015filer aslen TMK\u2019nin 16\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ile k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar\u0131n, yasal temsilcilerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi i\u015flemleri ile bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na giremeyecekleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ehliyetsiz, yasal temsilcinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almak suretiyle bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 veya tasarruf i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir. Ancak taksitle sat\u0131ma ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemede medeni kanundaki d\u00fczenlemeden farkl\u0131 olarak \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc r\u0131za kabul edilmemi\u015f ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu r\u0131zan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmadan \u00f6nce verilmesi gereklili\u011fi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

3. Geri Alma (CAYMA) Hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

TKHK m. 18\/1 h\u00fckm\u00fcyle, t\u00fcketicinin, yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde herhangi bir gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeksizin ve cezai \u015fart \u00f6demeksizin taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden cayma hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. TKHK\u2019de her ne kadar \u201ccayma hakk\u0131\u201d terimi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da esas olarak, h\u00fck\u00fcmde t\u00fcketiciye tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunan hak \u201cgeri alma hakk\u0131\u201d niteli\u011findedir6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

TBK m. 1 h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi taraflar\u0131n, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun \u015fekildeki \u00f6neri ve kabule ili\u015fkin iradelerini beyan etmeleri ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulur7<\/sup>.\u00a0 Kural olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan irade beyan\u0131n\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Geri alma hakk\u0131, ger\u00e7ek anlamda irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi amac\u0131na hizmet etmekte olan bir ara\u00e7 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r ve sat\u0131c\u0131larla e\u015fit konumda bulunmayan t\u00fcketicilerin, serbest\u00e7e pazarl\u0131k olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 ve ekonomik olarak g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz bulunmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, iradelerinin s\u0131hhatli bir \u015fekilde, etki alt\u0131nda kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 temine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.\u00a0 B\u00f6ylelikle t\u00fcketicinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan irade beyan\u0131n\u0131, belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak isteyip istemeyece\u011fini belirlemek suretiyle, geri alarak, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaktan kurtulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

TKHK m. 18\/1\u2019de, t\u00fcketicinin, yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f ise de s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 an\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. TKHK\u2019nin 4\/1. maddesi ile TKHK\u2019de yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ile bilgilendirmelerin bir n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde veya kal\u0131c\u0131 veri saklay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile t\u00fcketiciye verilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcketicinin geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesi ve ona g\u00f6re karar\u0131n\u0131 verebilmesi i\u00e7in yedi g\u00fcnl\u00fck geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma s\u00fcresi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketiciye verilmesinden itibaren ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r8<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Ancak daha sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Y\u00f6netmelikle bu husus a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 7. maddesinde \u201cCayma hakk\u0131 s\u00fcresi, hizmet ifas\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcn; mal teslimine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde ise t\u00fcketicinin veya t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin mal\u0131 teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn ba\u015flar. Ancak t\u00fcketici, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan mal\u0131n teslimine kadar olan s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde de cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 an\u0131 hizmet ifas\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcn; mal teslimine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde ise t\u00fcketicinin veya t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin mal\u0131 teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r9<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Geri alma hakk\u0131, tek tarafl\u0131 bir irade beyan\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lan, bozucu yenilik do\u011furan hak niteli\u011fine sahiptir10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

TKHK\u2019nin 18\/2. maddesinde sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, cayma hakk\u0131 konusunda t\u00fcketicinin bilgilendirildi\u011fini ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcketici bilgilendirilmemi\u015fse yedi g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamaz11<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

VI. TAKS\u0130TLE SATI\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130N\u0130N H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin S\u00fcresi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

TKHK h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7erisinde, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin s\u00fcre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamaktad\u0131r. TBK m. 256\/1 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ise al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, pe\u015finat tutar\u0131ndan geriye kalan sat\u0131\u015f bedelini s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 izleyen \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

TKHK\u2019nin genel kanundan sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u00f6zel kanun niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca TKHK m. 83\u2019te belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, TKHK\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanacak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6z konusu TBK m. 256\/1 h\u00fckm\u00fc, TKHK kapsam\u0131ndaki taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulama alan\u0131 bulur12<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin emredici mahiyette bir \u00fcst s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda, taksitlerin, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mebla\u011flar olarak belirlenerek olduk\u00e7a uzun bir zamana yay\u0131lmas\u0131, bitmek bilmeyen bir bor\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131, taksitlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mebla\u011flar olarak g\u00f6sterilmesinin t\u00fcketicinin ikna edilmesinde rol oynamas\u0131, s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ile taksitler daha y\u00fcksek mebla\u011f olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcketicilerin bir kez d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk edilmesi, t\u00fcketicilerin gelecekteki t\u00fcm kazan\u00e7 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelirlerinin uzunca bir s\u00fcre sat\u0131c\u0131ya\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131ya ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ve sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da ekonomik menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131 etki g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir13<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00fcketicinin Def \u2019\u0130leri<\/strong><\/h4>\n

TBK\u2019nin 257. maddesinde, \u201c(1) Al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taksitle sat\u0131\u015ftan do\u011fan alaca\u011f\u0131 ile kendisinin sat\u0131c\u0131dan olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takas etme hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden feragat edemez. (2) Alaca\u011f\u0131n devredilmesi durumunda al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin def\u2019ileri s\u0131n\u0131rlanamaz ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. TKHK m. 83 gere\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fck\u00fcm t\u00fcketici kanunu kapsam\u0131ndaki taksitle sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine de uygulanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TBK\u2019nin 145. maddesinde bor\u00e7lunun, \u00f6nceden takastan feragat edebilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle taraflardan birinin, takas hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131ndan evvel feragat etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr14<\/sup>. Ancak taksitle sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde bu genel kurala bir istisna getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3. S\u00f6zle\u015fme Bedelinin Tamamen \u00d6denmesi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde sat\u0131c\u0131\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye konu mal veya hizmetin bedeline pe\u015fin i\u015flemlerde oldu\u011fu gibi hemen kavu\u015fabilmek imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan; s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelini, vadeleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak pe\u015fin bedelin daha \u00fczerinde bir miktar olarak belirlemektedir15<\/sup>. Ancak t\u00fcketicinin geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 halinde taksitli sat\u0131\u015f sebebiyle eklenen fazla bedelin haks\u0131z edinimi s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TBK m. 96 h\u00fckm\u00fc ile istisnalar sakl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere bor\u00e7lunun edimini vadesinden evvel ifa edebilece\u011fi ve kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme ya da adet gere\u011fi olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, erken ifada bulunulmas\u0131 sebebiyle, indirim yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

TBK m. 258\u2019de al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 her zaman bir defada \u00f6deyerek borcundan kurtulabilece\u011fi ve bu durumda, pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedeline ilave edilen bedelin \u00f6denmemi\u015f taksitlere isabet eden k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, yar\u0131s\u0131ndan az olmamak \u00fczere \u00f6deme s\u00fcresinin k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131na uygun olarak indirilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

TKHK\u2019nin 20. maddesinde, \u201cT\u00fcketici, bor\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam miktar\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00f6deyebilece\u011fi gibi vadesi gelmemi\u015f bir ya da birden \u00e7ok taksit \u00f6demesinde de bulunabilir. Her iki durumda da sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, faiz veya komisyon ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6denen miktara g\u00f6re gerekli t\u00fcm faiz ve komisyon indirimini yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, sat\u0131c\u0131\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, erken \u00f6deme halinde indirim yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle, s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinde faiz veya komisyon ilavesinin mevcut olmas\u0131 gerekir16<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

4. T\u00fcketicinin Taksitleri \u00d6demede Temerr\u00fcde D\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

TBK\u2019nin 259\/2 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taksitleri \u00f6demesinde temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi halinde sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu se\u00e7imlik haklar; 1. Muaccel olmu\u015f taksitin\/taksitlerin \u00f6denmesini talep, 2. Geri kalan taksitlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini talep ve 3. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Geri kalan taksitlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini talep ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taksit \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcd\u00fc yan\u0131nda belirli \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde t\u00fcketicinin taksitleri \u00f6deme borcunda temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi halinde, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n muaccel taksitleri talep etmesi bir aynen ifa talebi te\u015fkil eder17<\/sup>. Bu sebeple, genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere nazaran bir \u00f6zellik arz etmez. Bu halde sat\u0131c\u0131\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, temerr\u00fct faizi ve a\u015fk\u0131n zarar\u0131n\u0131 (TBK m. 122) da talep etmek imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahiptir18<\/sup>. Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla, taksitleri \u00f6deme zaman\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, sat\u0131c\u0131\/ sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketiciye ihtar \u00e7ekmesi ve s\u00fcre vermesi \u015fart de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

a. Muacceliyet Kayd\u0131 Ve Geri Kalan Taksitlerin \u00d6denmesini Talep Hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcketicinin taksit \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi, kural olarak takip eden taksitlerin muaccel olmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmaz; sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer taksitlerin vadelerini beklemesi gerekir. Bunun aksi taraflarca muacceliyet kayd\u0131 ile di\u011fer taksitlerin de muaccel olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

TKHK\u2019nin 19. maddesinde t\u00fcketicinin taksitleri \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda, sat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, kalan borcun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ifas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilmesi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutmu\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  2. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn edimlerini ifa etmi\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  3. T\u00fcketicinin belirli tutarda taksit \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131. Muaccel k\u0131l\u0131nan taksitlerin hesaplanmas\u0131nda faiz, komisyon ve benzeri masraflar ise dikkate al\u0131nmaz. Buna g\u00f6re t\u00fcketicinin kalan borcun:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n